4个国外接骨木属种质资源引种与生物学特性研究

为探讨4个接骨木品种在河南省郑州地区的引种表现及适应性,2015—2019年定期观测引种的‘金叶’、‘金羽’、‘花叶’、‘紫云’4个国外接骨木品种,采用层次分析法进行性状评价。研究结果表明,露地栽培中,引种的4个接骨木品种均可在郑州地区正常生长、开花、结果。4个接骨木品种均生长健壮,枝繁叶茂,花期较长,较耐低温。以观赏性、适应性、生长特性权重分配分别为0.4、0.3、0.3进行综合分析评价,综合分值表现为‘金叶’接骨木>‘花叶’接骨木>‘金羽’接骨木>‘紫云’接骨木。由此可见,4种接骨木均具有较高的观赏价值和适应性,可广泛用于郑州地区城市园林绿化和美化。     

Breaking the ice: the introduction of biofouling organisms to Antarctica on vessel hulls

1. Few reports exist that describe marine non‐native species in the Southern Ocean and near‐shore waters around the Antarctic continent. Nevertheless, Antarctica's isolated marine communities, which show high levels of endemism, may be vulnerable to invasion by anthropogenically introduced species from outside Antarctica via vessel hull biofouling.
2. Hull surveys of the British Antarctic Survey's RRS James Clark Ross were undertaken between 2007 and 2014 at Rothera Research Station on the Antarctic Peninsula (Lat. 67°34'S; Long. 68°07'W) to investigate levels of biofouling. In each case, following transit through scouring sea‐ice, over 99% of the vessel hull was free of macroscopic fouling communities. However, in some surveys microbial/algal biofilms, balanomorph barnacles and live individuals of the cosmopolitan pelagic barnacle, Conchoderma auritum were found in the vicinity of intake ports, demonstrating the potential for non‐native species to be transported to Antarctica on vessel hulls.
3. Increasing ship traffic volumes and declining duration of sea ice in waters to the north and west of the Antarctic Peninsula mean the region may be at increased risk of non‐native species introductions. Locations at particular risk may include the waters around popular visitor sites, such as Goudier Island, Neko Harbour, Whalers Bay, Cuverville Island and Half Moon Island, and around northern peninsula research stations.
4. Simple and cost‐effective mitigation measures, such as intentionally moving transiting ships briefly through available offshore sea ice to scour off accessible biofouling communities, may substantially reduce hull‐borne propagule pressure to the region. Better quantification of the risk of marine non‐native species introductions posed by vessel hulls to both Arctic and Antarctic environments, as sea ice patterns and shipping traffic volumes change, will inform the development of appropriate regional and international management responses.

Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Assessing vulnerability of New Zealand lakes to loss of conservation value from invasive fish impacts

1. Predictions of invasion risk for seven non‐indigenous fish species, ecological impact scores for individual species, and lake conservation rankings were linked to develop Invasion Risk Impact (IRI) and Lake Vulnerability (LV) indices that help identify New Zealand lakes most at risk of loss of conservation value from potential multi‐species invasions.
2. Species‐specific IRI scores (the product of predicted invasion risk and species impact) highlighted Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis) and the brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus), as the species most likely to spread and cause ecological harm in lakes. For 3431 lakes >1 ha throughout New Zealand, total IRI tended to be highest for lowland riverine and dune lakes most of which are already colonized by multiple invasive fish species.
3. The LV index indicated that lakes most at risk of loss of conservation value from invasive fish impacts were predominantly (i) in the northern half of the North Island where several uncommon lake types occur, and (ii) along the west coast of the South Island where conservation value is often greater, largely because of low catchment modification.
4. The IRI and LV indices can be used to assist with setting priorities for surveillance monitoring, advocacy, and response planning targeted at preventing the establishment of invasive fish in moderate‐to‐high value lakes most susceptible to ecological impacts. Both indices can be adapted to accommodate alternative impact and conservation scoring systems, providing a flexible tool for local‐ and national‐scale assessments of lake vulnerability to fish invasion impacts.

Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中雄4号杨选育研究

从中国林业科学研究院林业研究所引入39个美洲黑杨×甜杨杂交无性系,在黑龙江西部高纬度高寒地区对各无性系苗期生长、越冬及抗病虫性等性状进行多年测试,选择繁殖能力强、苗期长势好、无严重病虫害、抗逆性强、能安全越冬的优良品系进行大量繁殖,建立品系评比林进行复选。经20 a时间,开展苗期品系评比、区域试验与示范,筛选出杨树新品种中雄4号杨(Populus deltoides×P.suaveolens)。该品种为雄株,具有树干通直圆满、速生、材质好、耐寒、抗旱、抗病虫和不飞絮等优良特性,适合作纸浆材等工业用材林、防护林及绿化树种。     

郴州市辣木引种表现及矮化栽培技术

作为当代一种新资源树种辣木,在营养、保健和医药领域有很高的应用价值,开发前景广阔。本文对郴州地区辣木的引种表现进行了总结,将育苗、定植、矮化栽培管理、采收利用等技术要点进行归纳,为辣木的进一步开发利用提供技术支撑。     

高品质番茄比较试验

为丰富嘉善县番茄品种,通过引进4个高品质番茄与嘉善县大面积种植品种进行对比试验。结果表明:引进的大果型番茄浙粉712和浙粉716虽然产量较当地番茄品种惠福低,但果实口感较好,且大小均匀,整齐度较好,适合在当地进行一定面积的推广;引进的中果型番茄光辉101和樱桃番茄浙樱粉1号,果实大小均匀、口感好、番茄风味浓,且生长势强,经济效益突出,667 m~2产值较当地菜用番茄高出12 000～18 000元,适合采摘或短途运输销售。     

江汉平原中山杉引种造林试验研究

通过在江汉平原开展中山杉6个品系的引种造林试验。结果表明,引进的6个品系中山杉无严重病虫害发生,各生长指标均大于池杉,11 a生中山杉平均胸径为17.61 cm、树高为11.06 m、材积为0.1297 m^3,表明中山杉在江汉平原的引种试验基本成功,其中中山杉502和中山杉118最为突出,适合在江汉平原推广造林,丰富江汉平原造林树种。     

关中地区引种芍药品种的综合性状评价

为筛选出适宜陕西关中地区种植的芍药品种，对46个从荷兰引进的芍药品种与55个从山东菏泽引进的芍药品种进行连续2 a的观测，记录每个品种的生长状况、适应性、观赏性状，结合层次分析法（AHP）对各品种资源进行定量评估，最终得出每个品种的综合性状评分。结果表明，从山东菏泽引入的品种中，‘赛富贵’‘粉玉楼’‘金带围’‘曹州红’‘杭芍’等47个品种综合性状评分值>80，可开发利用；‘沙金贯顶’‘杨妃出浴’‘黄金轮’‘冰清’等8个品种综合性状评分值<80但>60，可保守开发利用。从荷兰引入的品种中，‘赫本’‘甜蜜’‘露斯·克莱尔’和‘红魅’共4个品种能够在露地栽培条件下正常生长，综合性状评分值>80，可开发利用；‘魅力’‘梦里蝴蝶’‘皇冠’‘老父亲’等36个品种，综合性状评分值<80但>60，可保守开发利用；‘满庭’‘青春永驻’‘花花公子’等6个品种综合性状评分值<60，不建议开发利用。此研究为芍药品种在陕西关中地区大规模的引种及推广应用提供了重要参考。     

番茄树在百色的引种表现及栽培技术

从育苗、定植前准备、定植、田间管理、病虫害防治、采收等方面对农业观光园番茄树京丹六号栽培技术进行总结。     

花生新品种在海南地区引种初报

对引进的11个花生新品种及本地花生进行试验。结果表明：花育系列花生品种比对照种增产显著，生长势强，株型直立紧凑，分枝性好，抗倒、耐涝、抗旱，部分抗病。初步筛选出的中小花生(花育41号、花育44号、花育26号等)在海南地区种植表现良好，可以进一步试种示范。